25 types of grinders, what do they grind?

A grinder is a machine tool that uses a high-speed rotating grinding wheel to perform precision grinding on workpieces. Understanding different types of grinders helps to choose the most suitable processing technology and improve production efficiency and processing accuracy. Svart has compiled 25 common types of grinders and their applicable scenarios to help technicians better master the diversi

25 types of grinders, what do they grind?
A grinder is a machine tool that uses a high-speed rotating grinding wheel to perform precision grinding on workpieces. Understanding different types of grinders helps to choose the most suitable processing technology and improve production efficiency and processing accuracy. Svart has compiled 25 common types of grinders and their applicable scenarios to help technicians better master the diversity and refined application of grinding technology.

01
Surface grinder (1) Vertical surface grinder Vertical surface grinder processes workpieces with a grinding wheel perpendicular to the spindle, and is suitable for grinding large planes and complex shapes. ——[Applicable processing]——① Large surface grinding: Suitable for workpieces with large planes such as machine tool beds, large molds, castings, etc., and achieves high-precision flatness through a high-speed grinding wheel perpendicular to the spindle. ② Precision processing of complex shapes: Suitable for processing workpieces with complex geometric shapes such as grooves, steps, and bevels, such as the base and guide surfaces of large equipment, to improve surface finish and shape accuracy. ③ Machining with high requirements for flatness and verticality: It is specially used for machining with high requirements for workpiece flatness and verticality, such as machining high-precision machine tool parts, automobile engine cylinder blocks and parts assembly surfaces. ④ High-precision machining of heavy workpieces: Due to the stability of the vertical structure, it is suitable for machining heavy workpieces that require high-precision control, such as the contact surface of large machinery, steel structure plates, etc. ⑤ Application of automated production lines: It is suitable for efficient automated production lines. Through modification and configuration, it can be used for continuous batch processing to improve production efficiency. (2) Horizontal surface grinders Horizontal surface grinders process workpieces through the grinding wheel of the horizontal spindle. They are widely used for precision grinding of general planes and simple geometric shapes. ——[Applicable processing]——① Surface grinding of small and medium-sized workpieces: It is suitable for the plane machining of various small and medium-sized parts, such as bearing seats, flanges and gaskets, etc., providing good flatness and surface finish. ② End and side machining: It is suitable for machining workpieces that require precision end and side faces, such as tools, fixture parts and tooling plates, and achieves efficient grinding through the horizontal spindle grinding wheel. ③ Precision surface machining in mass production: suitable for mass grinding of medium-sized parts on production lines, especially widely used in the production of automotive parts, home appliance parts, etc. ④ Slender and flat parts machining: suitable for surface grinding of slender workpieces, thin plates, steel plates and other similar workpieces, ensuring that the workpieces are not easily deformed and achieve the expected accuracy. ⑤ Precision matching surface machining: used to process parts that require a high degree of matching, such as hydraulic pump housings, mechanical contact surfaces and sealing surfaces, to meet the matching accuracy requirements between parts. ⑥ Tool and mold finishing: commonly used in mold manufacturing and finishing processes to ensure that the mold surface and tool working surface achieve the required accuracy and surface quality. (3) Gantry surface grinder Gantry surface grinder adopts a gantry frame structure, equipped with a large worktable and multi-axis linkage control, suitable for grinding high-precision planes and complex surfaces of large-sized workpieces. ——[Applicable processing]——① Surface grinding of super-large workpieces: suitable for precision machining of large-sized planes such as large molds, machine tool beds, bridge components, etc., and can provide excellent flatness and surface finish. ② Grinding of wide and complex shapes: specially used for processing workpieces with wide width and multiple shape features, such as large steel plates, complex surfaces of aviation parts and mechanical bases, to ensure high-precision shape control. ③ Processing of precision guide rails and reference surfaces: suitable for grinding the guide rail surfaces and reference surfaces of various precision machinery, such as sliding guide rails of CNC machine tools, working surfaces of precision measuring tools, etc., to ensure flatness and straightness. ④ Processing of heavy castings and welded parts: used for surface grinding of castings and welded components of heavy machinery, such as large motor housings, ship decks, heavy equipment bases, etc., to improve overall assembly accuracy. ⑤ Multi-station linkage processing: can cooperate with multi-axis linkage control to realize simultaneous processing of multiple parts, improve processing efficiency, and is suitable for mass production of large structural parts. ⑥ Precision processing of plates and large flat parts: widely used for surface finishing of various large plates, steel plates and aluminum alloy plates, meeting the high-precision requirements of aerospace, shipbuilding and large machinery manufacturing. ⑦ Processing of rail transit and heavy industrial equipment: Specially used for processing rail transit parts and basic parts of heavy industrial equipment to ensure the flatness and processing accuracy of key parts.

02
Cylindrical grinding machine (1) Universal cylindrical grinding machine Universal cylindrical grinding machine has multiple functions and can process complex shapes such as outer circle, cone surface, end face, etc. It is widely used for high-precision grinding of multiple varieties, single piece or small batch production. ——[Applicable processing]——① Precision grinding of outer circle and inner hole: Suitable for processing various shaft parts, such as transmission shaft, spindle, connecting rod, etc., and can grind outer circle and inner hole at the same time to ensure coaxiality and surface accuracy. ② Grinding of cone surface, spherical surface and end face: Suitable for processing complex shape workpieces such as tapered shaft, roller cone bearing ring, spherical bearing, etc., and supports high-precision grinding of surfaces of different shapes. ③ Batch processing of multifunctional parts: It can be used for processing small and medium batches of multifunctional parts, such as machine tool parts, automobile parts, precision instrument shafts, etc., supporting efficient and flexible production mode. ④ Processing of high-precision mating parts: Applicable to parts that require high-precision matching, such as gear shafts, turbine shafts, etc., to ensure surface finish and dimensional tolerance control. ⑤ External cylindrical grinding of tools and molds: Commonly used for precision grinding in tool and mold manufacturing, supporting high-precision grinding and finishing of complex shapes. (2) Ordinary external cylindrical grinding machines Ordinary external cylindrical grinding machines are used to process common workpieces such as simple external cylindrical surfaces and step surfaces. They are suitable for mass production, simple operation and high efficiency. ——[Applicable processing]——① Grinding of standard external cylindrical surfaces: Widely used in external cylindrical processing of shafts, sleeves, pins and other parts, such as motor shafts, transmission shafts, pins, etc. ② Processing of stepped shafts and short shaft parts: Suitable for grinding shaft parts with different diameter steps to meet the processing needs of shaft parts with different diameters and lengths. ③ Processing of bearing rings and bushing parts: Specially used for external cylindrical grinding of various bearing rings, bushings and rollers, ensuring dimensional and roundness accuracy. ④ High-efficiency grinding for mass production: Suitable for mass external cylindrical grinding on automated production lines, with fast processing speed and strong adaptability. ⑤ External cylindrical processing of general mechanical parts: Commonly used for grinding shafts and cylindrical parts in general machinery manufacturing, such as gear shafts, gear pins, connecting rod shafts, etc. (3) Centerless external cylindrical grinders Centerless external cylindrical grinders grind workpieces without a support center, suitable for large-scale, high-efficiency processing of small shafts, pins and other workpieces, with high dimensional accuracy and surface finish. ——[Applicable processing]——① High-efficiency grinding of slender workpieces: Suitable for batch grinding of slender shafts, needle parts, pins, guide pillars and other workpieces, avoiding deformation problems caused by center support. ② Processing of small shaft and sleeve parts: Suitable for processing various small shaft and sleeve parts, such as shaft pins, steel needles, bearing needles, etc., to achieve high-efficiency grinding. ③ Mass grinding of rollers and needle rollers: Widely used for external cylindrical grinding of rollers, needle rollers and balls in bearing manufacturing, meeting the requirements of high precision and consistency. ④ Automated production of workpieces without center positioning: used for continuous processing of workpieces without center holes, supports automatic feeding and discharging, and improves production efficiency. ⑤ Surface treatment of cylindrical workpieces: can be used for surface grinding of cylindrical workpieces to improve smoothness and dimensional accuracy, such as hydraulic rods, cylinder piston rods, etc.

03
Internal grinding machine (1) Ordinary internal grinding machine Ordinary internal grinding machine is mainly used for processing internal cylindrical surfaces and simple internal holes. It is suitable for batch and single-piece production, easy to operate, and widely used in general industrial purposes. ——[Applicable processing]——① Grinding of conventional internal holes: suitable for internal hole processing of common parts such as sleeves, gear holes, bushings, etc., meeting general dimensional accuracy and roundness requirements. ② Internal hole processing of small and medium-sized workpieces: suitable for grinding the internal holes of small and medium-sized workpieces, such as the inner holes of motor housings, valve body holes, and pipe fittings. ③ Processing of parallel holes and stepped holes: can process internal holes with simple structures such as parallel holes and stepped holes, and is commonly used for parts such as pump bodies, valve seats, and piston ring grooves. ④ Internal hole grinding of batch parts: It is used for rapid grinding of internal holes in batch production and is suitable for the application of automated processing lines. ⑤ Fine machining of general matching holes: It is often used to process the apertures with general matching requirements, such as bearing seat holes, mechanical bushing holes, etc. (2) Universal internal grinding machine Universal internal grinding machine has various functions and can grind complex internal holes, conical surfaces and end faces, etc. It is widely used in the processing of precision parts, especially suitable for grinding high-precision internal holes. ——[Applicable processing]——① Grinding of high-precision internal holes: It is suitable for processing high-precision internal holes, such as precision sleeves, rolling bearing inner rings, hydraulic cylinder body inner holes, etc., to ensure dimensional accuracy and surface quality. ② Grinding of inner cones and end faces: It can grind inner cones and inner end faces, such as hydraulic valve body inner cones, bushing inner cones and end faces of precision mechanical parts, to meet the grinding needs of complex geometric shapes. ③ Processing of complex internal holes: Suitable for processing complex workpieces with multi-level internal holes, threaded holes and grooves, such as gearbox bodies, turbine blade internal holes, and precision instrument parts. ④ Grinding of internal holes of high-hardness materials: Widely used for processing internal holes of high-hardness materials, such as carbide mold holes, ceramic ferrules, and internal holes of hardened steel parts. ⑤ Processing of internal holes of multifunctional molds and tools: Used for grinding the internal holes and special-shaped inner surfaces of complex molds and tools, supporting precision grinding of various shapes and sizes. (3) Centerless internal cylindrical grinders Centerless internal cylindrical grinders use a support-free center method to grind internal holes, which is suitable for efficient grinding of large quantities of small-diameter internal holes, especially for thin-walled parts and small workpieces. ——[Applicable processing]——① Grinding of internal holes of thin-walled cylindrical parts: Suitable for processing the internal holes of thin-walled tubes, sleeves and other easily deformed workpieces, avoiding deformation and precision reduction caused by center support. ② Efficient processing of small diameter inner holes: Suitable for grinding small diameter inner holes of small workpieces, such as small hydraulic cylinders, nozzles, guide sleeves, etc., to achieve efficient production. ③ Batch processing of unsupported inner holes: Suitable for grinding inner holes that do not require center holes in mass production, such as various bearing rings, ball rings, bushings, etc., to achieve automated and continuous processing. ④ Precision inner surface treatment: Used for grinding the inner surface of precision mechanical parts to improve surface finish and dimensional consistency. It is widely used in optical instruments, microelectronics and other fields. ⑤ Grinding the inner hole of fragile materials: Specially used for grinding the inner holes of fragile and easily deformed materials, such as glass ceramic inner holes, composite pipe fittings, etc., to ensure processing stability and surface quality.

04
Centerless grinder (1) Through-type centerless grinder The through-type centerless grinder adopts a workpiece through-feed method, without the need for a workpiece positioning center. It is suitable for continuous grinding of long shafts and large quantities of cylindrical workpieces, with high efficiency and high consistency. ——[Applicable processing]——① Continuous grinding of long shaft parts: Applicable to the external cylindrical grinding of various long shafts, thin shafts and guide rods, such as transmission shafts, guide shafts, lead screws, etc., to ensure the straightness and consistency of the grinding surface. ② Automated grinding in mass production: Suitable for batch processing of small cylindrical workpieces in automated production lines, such as the external cylindrical surfaces of automotive parts, fasteners and electronic product components. ③ Stable processing of slender workpieces: Applicable to avoid bending or deformation of workpieces when grinding slender workpieces, ensuring the stability and accuracy of grinding, such as hydraulic rods, steel needles, guide pins, etc. ④ Efficient grinding without positioning requirements: Suitable for continuous processing of workpieces that do not require center positioning, such as stainless steel pipes, copper pipes, aluminum rods, etc., to quickly achieve high-smoothness surface treatment. ⑤ Precision grinding of workpieces of constant size: Used for grinding parts with high dimensional consistency requirements in mass production, such as bearing rollers, pins, sleeves, etc., to ensure dimensional consistency between batches. (2) Plunge-type centerless grinder The plunge-type centerless grinder adopts a fixed feed method and is suitable for grinding the outer cylindrical surface of short workpieces. It has the characteristics of flexible grinding and high positioning accuracy, and is suitable for grinding complex shapes and different diameters. ——[Applicable processing]——① Grinding of short shafts and sleeve parts: Suitable for precision grinding of short parts, such as short shafts, bushings, roller bearings, etc., to ensure dimensional accuracy and roundness control. ② Grinding of multiple radial surfaces: It can grind workpieces with multiple radial features, such as stepped shafts, knurled shafts, threaded shafts, etc., and supports continuous grinding of different diameter sections. ③ Fine grinding of small parts with complex shapes: Suitable for grinding small parts with complex shapes, such as motor rotor shafts, electronic connectors, and precision gear shafts, to ensure shape accuracy and surface quality. ④ Mass production of stereotyped parts: Used for grinding small workpieces that need to maintain consistent shape and dimensional accuracy in mass production, suitable for processes that require high positioning accuracy. ⑤ Grinding of high-hardness materials: widely used in grinding parts made of high-hardness materials, such as the outer cylindrical surfaces of hardened steel, cemented carbide, and ceramic parts, to improve grinding efficiency and surface quality. (3) Multi-wheel centerless grinder Multi-wheel centerless grinder is equipped with multiple grinding wheels. It can achieve simultaneous grinding of different surfaces through a combination of multiple wheels. It is suitable for workpieces with complex outer circumferences and multiple grinding areas. It has high processing efficiency and can complete multiple processes at one time. ——[Applicable processing]——① Simultaneous grinding of multiple processes: suitable for simultaneous grinding of multi-diameter shafts, stepped shafts and multi-segment feature parts, such as multi-stage pump shafts, segmented threaded shafts, composite rollers, etc., to achieve multiple grinding at one time. ② Multi-surface combination grinding: widely used for workpieces that require surface grinding of different areas, such as ball screws, reducer shafts, composite shafts, etc., to improve overall processing efficiency and surface consistency. ③ Precision grinding of parts with complex shapes: suitable for processing complex workpieces that require multiple grinding wheels to grind together, such as precision sensor shafts, aircraft engine shafts, instrument shafts, etc., to meet high precision requirements. ④ Short-time and efficient batch processing: suitable for grinding complex parts in efficient batch production, especially suitable for multi-functional grinding by quickly adjusting the grinding wheel group in small batch production of multiple varieties. ⑤ High-precision, multi-feature surface grinding: dedicated to processing parts that require high precision and multi-surface treatment, such as automotive camshafts, engine parts, precision mechanical shafts, etc., to ensure the consistency of multi-surface processing.

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