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There are different types of products known as "Leather", but do you know the difference between PU Leather (Polyurethane Leather) and Real leather? Let us explain it to you.
It's clear genuine leather is a preferable material for a wide range of products. It's known for its sturdiness and its attractive appearance. There are many inexpensive knock-offs that are meant to mimic the genuine offer in look just. These goods are made from cheap materials that can't endure the test of time. As a buyer, it is essential to comprehend the difference between genuine leather and imitation products-- especially PU leather.
What is PU Leather?
PU leather, also known as synthetic leather, it's an imitation of the real leather created from polyurethane, a plastic with a similar feel and aspect to the leather, but without involving animals. 100% PU leather is an artificial material or artificial leather that does not involve animals. PU leather is considered Vegan leather.
The most common way to create PU leather is using a cover of plastic polyurethane or a polyurethane coating and apply it to a base made of fiber (generally polyester). The PU leather can be combined with real leather to make something called "double-cast" leather. The "double-cast" leather can use a base of divided real leather which later is covered by PVC or PU layer.
The PU leather generally has the same texture as the animal skin (real leather), but in most cases, it's lighter, and at the same time it is not as durable as real leather and tends to tear easily. It is also more resistant to sunlight, and this is why it is frequently used to cover car seats and faux leather furniture.
PU Leather vs. Real Leather | Steel Horse Leather">
Regarding maintenance, the PU leather can also be manufactured in a larger set of textures and colors. You can even g
As opposed to genuine leather, PU leather is not as breathable. However, it is more breathable than other types of synthetic leather, such as PVC. While genuine leather tends to become more attractive and softer overtime, this is not the case with PU leather, which will maintain a uniform look and feel throughout its life. And finally, PU leather tends to be substantially cheaper than genuine leather.
How can you identify PU Leather?
Depending upon whether you are searching for PU leather or authentic leather, it is best to understand how to discriminate between them. Say you are buying a leather bag, the simplest method to discriminate is by looking at the tag or description. In some cases, products might not have a tag, so being able to know the distinctions will be useful.
The primary difference you will find is the expense. PU leather will normally be less expensive than genuine leather since it is simpler to produce and a much cheaper material.
PU leather will have a unique smell to it since it is a synthetic material. PU will have a plastic or chemical smell to it that real leather will not have.
Doing a water test is also an easy way to figure out if it is real or fake leather. Although it wouldn't be advised to do a water test to an item you do not own, genuine leather will absorb the water. PU leather will not absorb the water.
If you have a keen eye, you may be able to tell the difference just by looking at the product. Real leather will have some imperfections and have a genuine grain, this is what gives our bags their vintage look. PU leather will in fact look phony, and will almost have an ideal, patterned texture look.
Artificial leather is known under many names, including "leatherette", "faux leather", "vegan leather", "PU leather" and "pleather"
What is
?Faux leather is one of several names given to artificial or synthetic leather. These names are often used to describe specific end uses of synthetic leather products such as faux leather (sofa, chair and headboard upholstery), leatherette (auto upholstery, clothing), and koskin (consumer goods). There are two primary types of faux leather construction: polyurethane ("PU"), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Is
the same as ?The short answer is, yes. PU leather, also known as synthetic leather, is a synthetic version of real leather. It looks like real leather and has the same feel and appearance but it doesn't hurt animals in any way. However, it does not last nearly as long as real leather and will begin to crack over time.
Pros & Cons of
When it comes to purchasing a leather product, there are a lot of considerations to make. The most basic question of course is what type of leather do you want? There is of course genuine leather, but there are also synthetic materials like pleather that are made to look like leather; and there is PU leather, which is not technically leather at all.
Pros:- PU Leather is cheaper to produce, therefore cheaper to purchase
-Since PU Leather is made of plastic, it tends to be easy to clean
Cons:-PU leather will not last very long
- It does not bend well
- PU Leather will crack and peel over time
- PU Leather does not develop a patina
Does
Peel?Real leather does not peel, chip or flake. While it may just be an unstable finish or after-market paint that is flaking away, more often, peeling leather is actually a cheap polyurethane (PU) synthetic called faux leather.
How do you prevent
from cracking?In such areas, the PU leather starts cracking and becomes sticky. Therefore, regular cleaning and maintenance is very important. When required, PU leather should be dusted with a dry or slightly damp lint-free cloth.
Is
as good as ?PU leather is made from synthetic polymers, which are created by adding plasticizers, colorants, and oils to a polymer resin.
There is no question that real leather is better than PU leather. Real leather not only looks better, but it is also more durable. Real leather is also full of character and will age beautifully. PU leather, on the other hand, is not as durable and will crack and peel over time.
The main advantages that people see with PU leather are lower cost, ease of maintenance, and the ability to have the leather look and feel of various types of animals. The biggest downside of PU leather is that it won't last as long as real leather, because it is not made from natural animal hide. It will also likely have much less of a vintage look, which is a big part of the reason people are buying leather, to begin with.
How to Clean
?When it comes to most stains, you want to choose a gentle detergent for the fabric first. Some of the stronger cleaners can actually damage the fake leather! For specific spills such as coffee or juice, it's best to clean with a mild detergent and sponge off when you're done.
- In a spray bottle, mix about a tablespoon of detergent with enough water to fill the bottle.
- Shake vigorously
- Spray the mixture onto a clean towel.
- Wipe up the stain.
- Gentle scrubbing can be applied to more serious stains.
What is Genuine or Real Leather?
Real leather is crafted from animal skin, which in our case is cowhide, and must be tanned to avoid decomposition and become usable leather.
It can last a long time and generally gains a nice texture as it ages. If given proper care, an accessory made of this material can last between 10 and 20 years. Genuine leather is difficult to tear or puncture and is also much more breathable and humidity-resistant than most artificial leathers, which can begin to crack and warp in just a few years. And also, unlike synthetic leather, some genuine leathers have hypoallergenic features, which means they repel certain allergens.
The maintenance of leather is a little more complicated than that of PU leather. You can clean leather with soap or water over using a damp cloth, but if it gets stained with oil or sweat you will need a special leather cleaner. Genuine leather may need a leather conditioner applied from time to time to keep it supple, or it will become stiff or brittle. This is because the natural oils in leather dry out over time.
What are the Benefits of Genuine Leather?
Is it really worth the additional money to acquire an authentic product over the numerous counterfeit options out there? Exactly what are the advantages of purchasing real products? Besides their remarkable sturdiness, here are a few of the reasons many people choose the real deal over more affordable faux choices:
- Genuine Leather is water-resistant
- It has breathability to it
-The timeless nature of the look of real leather will never go out of style
-Genuine Leather is much more durable as a material and will stand the test of time.
-Genuine leather ages beautifully
Types of
There are many benefits to using real leather. True leather tends to be more durable than other materials and is much more resistant to wear and tear. The reason for this is the natural oils in leather, which help keep the leather flexible and strong. This also gives real leather an elegant look that is difficult to achieve with other materials like vinyl or plastic. Pure leather also tends to age beautifully, giving a unique look to whatever it is made into.
Vegan leather is also known as synthetic leather or PU Leather or PU leather vegan. While real leather is made from animal hide, vegan leather is made from either plastic-based materials or nature-based materials. Although vegan leather, looks similar to genuine leather, it is so much different than the latter.
It looks like leather, it feels like leather but is it real leather? From its name, faux leather is not leather. Conclusively, “faux” is a French word that means “fake”. Therefore, faux leather is fake leather. Many also refer to it as leatherette and/or vegan leather. Since it is fake it is, therefore, inferior to real leather products. It does, however, have its advantages. Get to know the advantages and disadvantages of faux leather as we go along.
Faux leather is considered vegan leather since it does not use any real animals in the process. Many therefore use fake leather as a cruelty-free alternative to owning accessories such as handbags and furniture. It is however important to consider the environmental concern that pvc leather brings. Since the making of fake leather involves a plastic base such as PVC, many raise its ecological impacts. There are however many brands that produce fake leather that is innovating to keep the ecological impacts low.
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Bonded leather is a combination of leather scraps, shredded leather, leather leftovers, and a bonding agent (typically plastic). It is then pressed into sheets that can be used as is for upholstery or to be made into finished leather goods. The use of bonded leather has been controversial for many years. While it is cheaper, easier to produce, and closer to the look and feel of actual leather, it is not considered real leather by many people. The primary reason for this is that the bonded leather is not an original part of the animal, but rather a manufactured material that can lack durability and often looks different from real leather. It is also sometimes referred to as split leather.
Top
Top grain leather is the second-highest quality of leather among all leather types. This excludes faux leather since faux leather is technically not leather. Furthermore, among all leather types top grain leather is probably the most commonly used. This is because among all other types top grain leather offers a pristine look.
Full
Full grain leather is the best among all leather types. Moreover, only the highest quality of animal skin can be made into full-grain leather. This may also be the reason why full-grain leather is expensive and that is because of its quality.
Just like top grain leather, full-grain leather comes from animal skins. Full-grain leather however will not go through the sanding, burning, shaving process. Therefore it is safe to conclude that full-grain leather is made of the entire thickness of the grain. Likewise, the scars, grains, pores, and other textures are left intact. Steel Horse Leather only uses full grain leather in our products.
What
is Best for Bags?Full grain leather is the toughest and best leather for you leather bags. It will not only last a long time but it will age beautifully, developing a gorgeous Patina.
Differences Between PU Leather and Real Leather
Now, let's list the most important features of each, and compare.
Strength and durability
Being this the biggest difference between them, despite both types of leather have a very similar texture, the leather made with PU material is usually thinner, which means that it has less durability as it can be torn more easily and unlike real natural leather, the PU leather tends to crack and bend over the course of a few years.
Resistance to sunlight
On the other hand, PU leather is more resistant to the sun's rays than animal leather, which is why it is often used for couches, armchairs and for car and motorcycle seats.
Maintenance
While PU leather has a greater variety of thicknesses, colors, and textures than traditional leather, and often has brighter finishes. It is also easier and more convenient to maintain, with cleaning requiring only the occasional wet cloth, while animal leather tends to dry out and always needs care to prevent deterioration.
Transporation
Although PU leather is more breathable than other synthetic leathers such as the PVC, it is much less breathable than genuine leather.
Aging
While PU leather will always maintain the same feel and appearance, genuine leather tends to become softer and way more attractive over time.
Price
One of the reasons, perhaps the main one, why people are choosing PU leather over genuine leather or full grain leather is that the first one is significantly cheaper. This is the most effective way to find out if the product you are buying is made of one material or another. Even so, if you are doubting, you only have to look at the composition that should appear on its label. However, if you're looking for a lasting experience that you can wear practically all the time, more comfortable and with a more classic look, real leather is your best option by far. We have partnered with many online companies to provide discount codes .
Which one do you think is better? If you're on the team of full grain leather, either because you are a big fan of its vintage look or you are in the search of things that last forever, you should put an eye to the backpacks below!
While doing the research for this paper I was presented with a number of obstacles. There were not many articles available for the wastes and emissions of synthetic leather, so I decided to research synthetic leather itself and go deeper by finding the wastes of raw materials of synthetic leather. I also found a lot more information on the life cycle of raw materials of synthetic leather, than synthetic leather itself.
1 Jerome Fine, "United State Patent," Production of Synthetic Leather (1982), February 20, 2013.
2 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).
3 bench3, "Characteristics of Eco Friendly Gadgets- How to say a Product is Environment Friendly." Last modified January 19, 2012. Accessed March 12, 2013. http://www.bench3.org/tech/characteristics-of-eco-friendly-gadgets-how-to-say-a-product-is-environment-friendly/.
4 Lacey, P.D.A. "The Flammability and Heat Resistance of Natural and Synthetic Leathers." Journal of Industrial Textiles. .
5 Lacey, P.D.A. "The Flammability and Heat Resistance of Natural and Synthetic Leathers." Journal of Industrial Textiles. Pg. 189.
6 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004). Pg. 50.
7 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).pg. 51
8 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).pg. 80
9 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).Pg. 80.
10 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).Pg. 92.
11 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).Pg. 92.
12 Baitz, Martin, and Eloise Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials." (2004).Pg. 96.
Texiera Andrews
Professor Cogdell
40A, Winter 2013
10, March 2013
Synthetic Leather: The Real Cost of Fake Leather (Wastes and Emissions)
The goal for this research paper is to develop an understanding of how raw materials are chemically altered into synthetic leather, along with the economic, environmental, and human costs associated with this process. The entire life cycle process of synthetic leather, from the gathering of raw materials to the delivery of finished products to retailers, is broken down into separate categories. Critical environmental issues, such as air pollution, and resource issues, such as electricity expenditure, are explored during each step in the manufacturing process. I found this approach beneficial, as it allowed me to develop not only an understanding of the mechanics of the process, but also an appreciation for the true impact of the process. As a designer, I need to be better informed and more knowledgeable about the materials I choose to create with. This aspect of design is often minimized, as manufacturers must balance environmental responsibility with profit margins and global competiveness. As a consumer, I need to make informed purchasing decisions, and perhaps be willing to pay a higher price for more sustainable products. This method of fully evaluating the process of creating a product, such as synthetic leather, is a must for designers who wish to create products that are environmentally sustainable.
Synthetic leather has hundreds of uses, and is widely utilized in the fashion, furniture, and accessories markets. When visiting a retailer, consumers are faced with an endless variety of products made of synthetic leather, from purses and watchbands to coaches and car seats. Many manufacturers choose synthetic leather over natural leather, as it has a lower manufacturing cost. In addition, synthetic leather can be manipulated into a variety of different textures and molds, unlike genuine leather.
While synthetic leather may be a cheap and convenient alternative to natural leather, there are a number of drawbacks. Concerns related to the synthetic leather market first came to my attention when I began studying the problems related to the manufacture of counterfeit goods, such as handbags and couture goods. These counterfeit goods are made from synthetic materials. When addressing the problem of counterfeit goods, manufacturers and government agencies typically focus on the negative economic effects (e.g. loss of income and tax revenue) and the potential for funneling profits from the sale of counterfeit goods to criminal activity and even terrorism. While these are critical issues, far less attention is given to the environmental impact of the materials, like synthetic leather, used to produce these goods.
Many consumers would likely be shocked and dismayed to learn that the synthetic leather products they buy from malls and chain stores test positive for high levels of chemicals known to cause illnesses and to be toxic to the human body. I first became aware of this danger in Design 40A and 127A classes this semester, and decided to explore this issue in more depth. My research began online with searches on basic materials that are found in synthetic leather, which gave me keywords to search for in journals, articles and books that mention stages of the synthetic leather process. I found the most beneficial information from patents that can be easily accessed through Google Scholar, which provide an explanation of the machinery and energy need to produce this synthetic material. I also utilized online sources to learn how the goods manufactured overseas are shipped to U.S. ports and then trucked to retailers. My online research was supplemented with textbooks available in the university’s libraries.
The first step in the synthetic leather manufacturing process is the gathering of all of the required raw materials, including a variety of chemicals.(As outlined by Alison) I researched several sources to find lists detailing the materials used to construct synthetic leather. The raw materials I found to be most commonly used are Diotctyl Phthalate, Dihexyl Phthalate, Acetone, Sunthene 410, Pliovac Resin M70, Calcium Carbonate, Plasticized Pigments, DOP, VS103, DMF, Mek, Blowing Ration Mixture, and Viscosity. When I first evaluated the list, I did not recognize any of these chemical compounds. I then proceeded to look them up, and learned that they are often known by other names and are found in many products. Many have links to formaldehyde, PVC, and chlorine. Multiple studies have found that these chemicals pose a risk to the health of both factory workers and consumers. The chemicals used during the manufacturing process have been shown to cause severe liver damage, reproductive problems, birth defects, and several types of cancers in humans. This also has been observed in animals. From previous research on chemicals found in nail salons, I know acetone is very absorbent and drying. Liver damage is a factor when an individual is over exposed to this chemical. Other reported chemicals that have been linked to these health problems are dimethylformamide (DMF) and dioxins released from plastics or PVC during the heating phases of manufacturing. DMF is a chemical that is used in the industrial market for reactions. It is a solvent that is an unstable compound and is commonly used as a coating for textiles. It is linked to formaldehyde, which is connected in the name. The other major toxin commonly reported on is dioxin. Dioxins are released when chlorine is introduced to heat. The release of dioxin is associated with air pollution. Dioxin takes time to break down in the environment and the human body, sometimes years. According to Panagiotis Deriziotis’s thesis from Columbia University, being exposed to high levels of dioxin is linked to health problems, and as mentioned in his conclusion, the dioxins can linger in our atmosphere for years. Deriziotis also notes that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can release this dioxin. Dioxin was also one of the main chemicals linked to mutations seen in the following generation of children, born to those that came in contact with Agent Orange during the Vietnam War.
The process of producing synthetic leather is well documented in United States patents. Synthetic leather started being produced in the U.S. in the early 1900’s. Synthetic leather is now used in virtually all areas of the manufacturing industry to produce goods, and is mass-produced in countries like China and India. China is the king of producing consumer goods, with India in second place. The textile industry uses these countries due to the cheap cost of labor and the volume that can be mass-produced in a quick amount of time. Through my research into the factory machines that produce synthetic leather, I found several websites that sell the machines and give an overview of how the process is supposed to run in order to produce commercial grade synthetic leather. The machines are also well explained in patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, in which inventors provide detailed outlines of their machines and interpretations of their own version of layers and slight process and chemical changes that they use to manufacture synthetic leather. The outline I found most helpful, and used as a reference when looking up chemicals and different machine parts, is Jerome Fine and Gene Harrington’s Patent number 4,349,597. I attached a copy of their drawings to the poster and to the end of this paper for reference. The overall process laid out in Patent 4.349,597 is described as employing around 109 people operating and overseeing the production. Synthetic Leather appears to be formed from around five layers in order to achieve its leather like texture. This Process is done using heat, machines, human labor, dyes and molds. As a whole just to produce a ream of synthetic leather a factory has to perform in summarized version 6 initial steps before a material resembling leather is formed.
After gathering and combining the required raw materials, the next step in the process, according to the above referenced patent documents, is the heating and curing of the synthetic leather products using industrial infrared ovens and microwaves, at temperatures ranging from 110 c to 250 c. I conducted online research of the manufacturers of industrial ovens, and learned that they are available in two styles, Cylindrical and Planar. Both offer two power levels, 2,450 megahertz, which gives off around 30 kilowatts of energy, and 915 megahertz, which is three times more powerful at 100 kilowatts. The website of one manufacturer, Industrial Molding Supplies (IMS) notes that these methods of heating are most commonly used due to the even distribution of energy. According to the site’s FAQ’s page, these machines have a life span of 6,000-8,000 hours of time in operation, which amounts to 250 days. I was unable to calculate the amount of energy a factory would consume from an outside source when running one of these ovens, as I lacked both data on factory specifications as well as the requisite math skills. However, I did review a thesis on this topic from the University of Texas at Austin, written by Nicholas P. Vasilakos and Jimmy L. Humphrey. The thesis begins with an abstract explanation, then transitions into a more in-depth analysis on heating polymers with microwaves and gives many types of mathematical formulas to calculate these. I learned a great deal from this paper about how the machines run on fossil fuel (oil) or natural gas, due to the high cost of electricity, which can be as much as five times the cost.
Dyes are a completely separate process when it comes to producing synthetic leather. Adding color to the material in the form of dyes demonstrated in patents EP0567975, require a process just as time consuming and labor intensive as producing the synthetic material. This process used embodied energy involving heat, chemicals, machinery, labor, and water. Overall I found this the most difficult to research and comprehend, do to the various ways to dye and cure synthetic fabrics as well as the chemistry involved in mixing dyes and then curing the material.
The next step in the process is the transfer of the product to the marketplace. About 90% of manufactured goods are shipped from the factory to their destination using container ships. After arriving at the port, they are dispersed around the nation by semi-trucks. The fossil fuel used to power these semi-trucks leaves a huge carbon footprint. There are multiple tools available online that can be used to calculate a product’s carbon footprint. The resource I found especially helpful is Green Business Matters “How to Manually Perform a Basic Carbon Footprint Analysis.” You start by looking at how many pounds you need to move from point A to point B, and then you add miles divided by the miles per gallon. Next you factor in the CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) for the fuel (their site has a chart with several types of fuel in pounds and kilograms). Once you have the weight in total carbon you can divide CO2e by the amount of products and come up with a solution of the amount of output per item. In the article’s example, there were 17,000 items, moving 2,000 miles by truck and that came to around .62 pounds per item. Two thousand miles by semi-truck is the equivalent of driving from California to Mississippi. The journey of the container ship from China or India to the United States must also be factored in. Boat fuel releases large quantities of nitrous oxide, and at a much higher rate then rail transportation, which according to the chart included in the article, is the least polluting option. Air transportation uses the highest amount of fuel needed to transport items. The equation to calculate the carbon footprint of a manufactured item is simple, and can easily be applied to any type of consumer product or good.
Lastly, the human cost of manufacturing synthetic leather must also be factored in. The embodied energy of the workers is an important factor that counts for a good size portion of what keeps this industry able to turn out large volumes of product. This embodied energy involves workers who move the products, produce the synthetic material, distribute the finished product, and then staff the store that stocks and sells the product. The typical overseas factory employs anywhere from one hundred to several hundred workers, with the size of the labor force dependent on the volume of product being produced and amount of machinery available. It is, of course, much cheaper to produce manufactured goods in the developing world, as they have weak or non-existent health and safety standards and virtually no protections for workers. It is very challenging to obtain information about the true human costs of manufacturing goods in the developing world, as many U.S. companies make a concerted effort to conceal the conditions in their factories from the American public.
Throughout this research process, I have learned to make better use of search tools and resources available to me online and in the library. I learned a great deal about how many things it takes to create what appears to be a simple wallet or wristwatch strap. I feel that this process was worthwhile, in that it opened my eyes to raw materials, how we acquire these materials, the potential dangers associated with using chemicals to create synthetic substances, and the inefficiency of shipping these products across the world. It is also worth noting that this enormous expenditure of resources is for the creation of non-durable goods, most with a useful life expectancy of only a few years. These products expose workers and consumers to potentially toxic chemicals, and leave an enormous carbon footprint across the globe. These hard truths have begun to reshape my thoughts and actions of how I will design and create in the future. I now understand my grandmother’s dissatisfaction with the cheap, disposable and potentially hazardous products of today. I also treasure the antique items I have collected, as they have a lasting quality that I strive to mimic in the future. As a designer, I hope to be able to better research the projects that I am associated with, and to make sure the environmental and human costs of the project are considered at the design stage. As the next generation of designers, we are in a unique position to help ensure that the products of tomorrow are safe and non-toxic, and that they are created in a way that does not harm the workers who produce them or the environment.
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Poletto, Giorgio, and Lorica Sud. "Patent EP0567975B1 - Process for rapid dyeing of composite synthetic sheet material designed to ... - Google Patents." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2013. <http://www.google.com/patents/EP0567975B1?cl=en&dq=synthetic+leather+dye&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uxhAUaasFKG4yQHg1YBw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA>.
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